Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
An implicitly typed lambda can write its parameters with var. That does not allow var on ordinary method parameters.
Local-variable var arrived in Java 10 (JEP 286).
JDK 11 · JSR 384 · Long-term support
Java 11
JDK 11 is Java SE 11, JSR 384, generally available on 25 September 2018. Vendors treat it as a long-term support release. The HTTP client leaves the incubator. Single-file source programs can be launched with the java command. Java EE and CORBA modules are removed from the JDK.
How to read the status
- Final. The change shipped in this release as a permanent part of that release.
- Experimental. The feature shipped so it can be refined. It is not Final, and it is not the default form of that technology.
Language
APIs / Libraries
HTTP Client (Standard)
java.net.http.HttpClient is a standard API. It supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
Incubated in Java 9 as JEP 110. This release makes it standard.
OpenJDK JEP 321 (leaves JavaMastery)
Related reading: Networking and HTTP
String and file helpers
String gains isBlank, strip, lines, and repeat. Files gains readString and writeString. These are library methods, not a separate language.
Related reading: Strings
Curriculum file: versions4Java9To11Features.java
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3
The JDK implements TLS 1.3.
Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules
Modules such as java.xml.ws, java.xml.bind, and the CORBA modules are removed from the JDK. Applications that used them need those libraries on the classpath or module path.
JVM / Runtime
Flight Recorder
JDK Flight Recorder is part of OpenJDK. It records runtime events with low overhead.
OpenJDK JEP 328 (leaves JavaMastery)
Related reading: JVM and memory
ZGC (Experimental)
ZGC is a low-latency collector. In Java 11 it is experimental, not the default, and not a finished product feature.
It becomes a product feature in Java 15 (JEP 377).
OpenJDK JEP 333 (leaves JavaMastery)
Related reading: JVM and memory
Tools / Platform
Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs
java Hello.java compiles and runs one source file. The source file still has to be a valid program for that JDK.
Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
Nashorn is deprecated and marked for removal. It is still present in Java 11.
Removed in Java 15 by JEP 372.
Also in this release: nest-based access control (JEP 181), dynamic class-file constants (JEP 309), ChaCha20 and Poly1305 (JEP 329), and Unicode 10 (JEP 327).
Examples
- versions4Java9To11Features.javaList.of and takeWhile are Java 9. var is Java 10. The String methods are Java 11. The whole file requires Java 11. It uses Collectors.toList(), not Stream.toList().
Related reading
Historical notes
Since Java 8, Java 9 added modules and Java 10 added local var. Java 11 standardizes the HTTP client and removes the Java EE and CORBA modules. That is a change in the platform, not a claim that one release is better.
Sources. General availability, JSR 384, and the JEP list: OpenJDK JDK 11. OpenJDK JDK 11 (leaves JavaMastery)